x402beat ❤️

Glossary

Settlement

The on-chain transaction that actually moves USDC from buyer to seller for one x402 payment. One payment = one settlement.

Verified & diverse

Verified settlements excluding each chain's 10 most active buyers of the trailing 30 days. Since concentrated bot traffic dominates every chain, removing the top 10 buyers is a simple, transparent cut that leaves the long tail of ordinary buyers: the closest measurable thing to organic demand. The cutoff at 10 is a convention, stated so it can be argued with.

Verified x402 (what we count)

Settlements we can positively identify as x402: submitted by a known facilitator wallet (published by operators like Coinbase CDP, PayAI, Polygon Labs, and the Monad facilitator), or routed through the canonical x402 proxy contracts. A lower bound: facilitators that don't publish their wallets are excluded, including some large fleets visible on Base.

Solana (fee-payer method)

Solana has no EIP-3009, so verified there = USDC transfers whose transaction fee payer is a known x402 facilitator fee payer (PayAI, Coinbase CDP, Solvador, and others from the community facilitators registry). The fee payer is Solana's analog of the submitting wallet. There is no measurable upper bound like EIP-3009, so Solana's raw tier equals its verified tier.

EIP-3009 total (upper bound)

Every AuthorizationUsed event on canonical USDC, x402 or not. EIP-3009 predates x402 and is also used for ordinary gasless USDC transfers by meta-transaction relayers (most of Polygon's total, much of Ethereum's). Shown for context only; the gap between this and the verified count is unattributed traffic.

EIP-3009

A USDC feature (transferWithAuthorization / receiveWithAuthorization) that lets the buyer sign a transfer off-chain and lets someone else submit it on-chain. The x402 'exact' scheme settles this way. We detect settlements via the AuthorizationUsed event USDC emits, which also catches settlements submitted in batches or through intermediary contracts.

Facilitator

The service that verifies a buyer's signed payment and submits the settlement transaction to the chain, usually paying the gas. Examples: Coinbase CDP, the Monad facilitator (molandak.org).

Facilitator wallet

The address that submitted the settlement transaction (the tx 'from'). Buyers sign payments off-chain and facilitators submit them, so this is almost always a facilitator's wallet, never the buyer. One facilitator service can rotate many wallets.

Facilitator wallets/day (30d)

Average number of distinct submitting wallets per active day over the trailing 30 days, within verified settlements. In the raw tier the same column counts every submitting wallet instead (labeled accordingly).

Buyer

The address that authorized (signed) the payment, decoded from the settlement event. This is the actual payer, as opposed to the facilitator wallet that submitted the transaction.

Verified is not the same as organic

Verification proves a settlement went through the x402 protocol; it says nothing about whether the payment is genuine demand. Wash traffic can flow through official facilitators. Judge demand by the buyers count and top-10-buyer concentration, not by the settlement count.

Top-10 buyers

Share of a chain's 30-day verified settlements made by its 10 most active buyer addresses. High concentration (near 100%) means a handful of bots generate the volume; low concentration suggests broad genuine usage. Compare chains by this number, not by settlement counts.

x402 Permit2 proxies

Two canonical helper contracts (ExactPermit2Proxy 0x402085...0001, UptoPermit2Proxy 0x4020A4...0002) deployed at the same address on every EVM chain, used only by x402. Calls to them count as verified without needing a known facilitator wallet.

Not measurable on-chain yet (Sui)

The x402 'exact' scheme on Sui is a plain Coin<USDC> transfer with no protocol-specific marker, and no Sui facilitator publishes its signer addresses yet. The closest proxy (sponsored transactions moving USDC) runs ~166K/day and is dominated by wallet gas stations, not x402, so we show n/a instead of a misleading number.